Main game loop orchestrating all subsystems. More...

#include <GameLoop.hpp>

Collaboration diagram for GameLoop:

Public Member Functions
	GameLoop (EventBus &eventBus, Replicator &replicator, const std::string &playerName)
	Constructor with shared EventBus and Replicator.

	~GameLoop ()
	Destructor.

bool	initialize ()
	Initialize all game subsystems.

void	run ()
	Start the main game loop.

void	shutdown ()
	Stop and clean up all subsystems.

void	stop ()
	Stop the game loop.

void	setReconciliationThreshold (float threshold)
	Set the reconciliation threshold for client-side prediction.

float	getReconciliationThreshold () const
	Get the current reconciliation threshold.

Private Member Functions
void	update (float deltaTime)
	Update game logic (variable timestep)

void	fixedUpdate (float fixedDeltaTime)
	Update physics simulation (fixed timestep)

void	render ()
	Perform rendering of current frame.

void	processInput ()
	Process player inputs.

float	calculateDeltaTime ()
	Calculate time elapsed since last frame.

void	handleNetworkMessage (const NetworkEvent &event)
	Handle incoming network messages.

void	handleUIEvent (const UIEvent &event)

void	handleGameStart (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	handleGameState (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	handleGameruleUpdate (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	handleRoomList (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	handleRoomState (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	handleEntityDestroyed (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	handleChatMessage (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	handleLeftRoom (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	handleGameOver (const std::vector< uint8_t > &payload)

void	processServerReconciliation (const RType::Messages::S2C::EntityState &entity)

void	simulateInputHistory (float &x, float &y)

Private Attributes
EventBus *	_eventBus

std::unique_ptr< InputBuffer >	_inputBuffer

Replicator *	_replicator

std::unique_ptr< Rendering >	_rendering

bool	_running = false

bool	_initialized = false

float	_fixedTimestep = 1.0f / 60.0f

float	_accumulator = 0.0f

uint32_t	_currentFrame = 0

uint32_t	_inputSequenceId = 0

std::deque< RType::Messages::C2S::PlayerInput::InputSnapshot >	_inputHistory

std::optional< uint32_t >	_myEntityId

uint32_t	_myPlayerId = 0

bool	_entityInitialized = false

bool	_justCreatedRoom

std::string	_playerName

bool	_isMoving = false

float	_playerSpeed = 300.0f

bool	_clientSidePredictionEnabled = true

float	_gameSpeedMultiplier = 1.0f

std::unordered_set< uint32_t >	_knownEntityIds

Static Private Attributes
static constexpr size_t	INPUT_HISTORY_SIZE = 12

Detailed Description

Main game loop orchestrating all subsystems.

GameLoop is the conductor of the R-Type client. It coordinates and synchronizes all components:

EventBus: Inter-component communication
InputBuffer: Player input management
Replicator: Network communication
Rendering: Graphical display
ECS (future): Game logic and prediction

Temporal architecture:

Frame N:
ProcessInput()      - Capture keyboard/mouse
FixedUpdate() x N   - Physics simulation (60 FPS fixed)
Update(deltaTime)   - Variable game logic
Render()            - Display (VSync)

Fixed timestep:

Physics runs at constant 60 FPS (16.67ms per frame)
Decoupled from display framerate
Guarantees deterministic behavior
Essential for client prediction and network synchronization

Definition at line 57 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ GameLoop()

GameLoop::GameLoop	(	EventBus &	eventBus,
		Replicator &	replicator,
		const std::string &	playerName
	)

Constructor with shared EventBus and Replicator.

Uses the provided EventBus and Replicator from Client. Call initialize() to start other subsystems.

Parameters

eventBus	Shared EventBus instance
replicator	Shared Replicator instance
playerName	Local player's display name (for host detection)

Definition at line 15 of file GameLoop.cpp.

◆ ~GameLoop()

GameLoop::~GameLoop ( )

Destructor.

Properly stops all subsystems and frees resources.

Definition at line 18 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References shutdown().

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Member Function Documentation

◆ calculateDeltaTime()

float GameLoop::calculateDeltaTime ( )

private

Calculate time elapsed since last frame.

Returns: Delta time in seconds

Definition at line 482 of file GameLoop.cpp.

Referenced by run().

◆ fixedUpdate()

void GameLoop::fixedUpdate ( float fixedDeltaTime )

private

Update physics simulation (fixed timestep)

Called N times per frame to guarantee 60 FPS simulation.

Parameters

fixedDeltaTime Fixed simulation time (1/60 = 0.0167s)

Definition at line 338 of file GameLoop.cpp.

Referenced by run().

◆ getReconciliationThreshold()

float GameLoop::getReconciliationThreshold ( ) const

Get the current reconciliation threshold.

Returns: Current threshold in pixels

Note: Delegates to Rendering -> EntityRenderer

Definition at line 291 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _rendering.

◆ handleChatMessage()

void GameLoop::handleChatMessage ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 806 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _rendering, RType::Messages::S2C::S2CChatMessage::deserialize(), LOG_ERROR, and LOG_INFO.

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleEntityDestroyed()

void GameLoop::handleEntityDestroyed ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 654 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _entityInitialized, _myEntityId, _rendering, RType::Messages::S2C::EntityDestroyed::deserialize(), LOG_ERROR, LOG_INFO, and LOG_WARNING.

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleGameOver()

void GameLoop::handleGameOver ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 855 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _rendering, RType::Messages::S2C::GameOver::deserialize(), LOG_ERROR, and LOG_INFO.

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleGameruleUpdate()

void GameLoop::handleGameruleUpdate ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 777 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _gameSpeedMultiplier, _playerSpeed, RType::Messages::S2C::GamerulePacket::deserialize(), GAME_SPEED_MULTIPLIER, client::ClientGameRules::getInstance(), LOG_ERROR, LOG_INFO, and PLAYER_SPEED.

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleGameStart()

void GameLoop::handleGameStart ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 529 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _entityInitialized, _myEntityId, _rendering, RType::Messages::S2C::GameStart::deserialize(), LOG_ERROR, and LOG_INFO.

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleGameState()

void GameLoop::handleGameState ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 678 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _clientSidePredictionEnabled, _knownEntityIds, _myEntityId, _rendering, RType::Messages::S2C::GameState::deserialize(), LOG_DEBUG, LOG_ERROR, and processServerReconciliation().

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleLeftRoom()

void GameLoop::handleLeftRoom ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 822 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _eventBus, _myPlayerId, _rendering, BACK_TO_ROOM_LIST, LOG_ERROR, LOG_INFO, and EventBus::publish().

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleNetworkMessage()

void GameLoop::handleNetworkMessage ( const NetworkEvent & event )

private

Handle incoming network messages.

Processes GameStart and GameState messages to update entity rendering.

Parameters

event Network event containing message data

Definition at line 492 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References NetworkEvent::getData(), NetworkMessages::getMessageType(), NetworkMessages::getPayload(), handleChatMessage(), handleEntityDestroyed(), handleGameOver(), handleGameruleUpdate(), handleGameStart(), handleGameState(), handleLeftRoom(), handleRoomList(), handleRoomState(), NetworkMessages::S2C_CHAT_MESSAGE, NetworkMessages::S2C_ENTITY_DESTROYED, NetworkMessages::S2C_GAME_OVER, NetworkMessages::S2C_GAME_START, NetworkMessages::S2C_GAME_STATE, NetworkMessages::S2C_GAMERULE_UPDATE, NetworkMessages::S2C_LEFT_ROOM, NetworkMessages::S2C_ROOM_LIST, and NetworkMessages::S2C_ROOM_STATE.

Referenced by initialize().

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◆ handleRoomList()

void GameLoop::handleRoomList ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 575 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _rendering, RType::Messages::S2C::RoomList::deserialize(), RoomData::isPrivate, LOG_ERROR, LOG_INFO, RoomData::maxPlayers, RoomData::playerCount, RoomData::roomId, RoomData::roomName, and RoomData::state.

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleRoomState()

void GameLoop::handleRoomState ( const std::vector< uint8_t > & payload )

private

Definition at line 606 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _myPlayerId, _rendering, RType::Messages::S2C::RoomState::deserialize(), LOG_ERROR, and LOG_INFO.

Referenced by handleNetworkMessage().

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◆ handleUIEvent()

void GameLoop::handleUIEvent ( const UIEvent & event )

private

Definition at line 51 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _justCreatedRoom, _replicator, AUTO_MATCHMAKING, CREATE_ROOM, UIEvent::getType(), JOIN_GAME, LEAVE_ROOM, LOG_INFO, LOG_WARNING, LOGIN_ACCOUNT, QUIT_GAME, REGISTER_ACCOUNT, REQUEST_ROOM_LIST, Replicator::sendAutoMatchmaking(), Replicator::sendCreateRoom(), Replicator::sendJoinRoom(), Replicator::sendLeaveRoom(), Replicator::sendLoginAccount(), Replicator::sendRegisterAccount(), Replicator::sendRequestRoomList(), Replicator::sendStartGame(), START_GAME_REQUEST, stop(), UPDATE_AUTO_MATCHMAKING_PREF, and Replicator::updateAutoMatchmakingPreference().

Referenced by initialize().

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◆ initialize()

bool GameLoop::initialize ( )

Initialize all game subsystems.

Initializes in order:

EventBus
InputBuffer
Replicator
Rendering (window, textures)
ECS (future)

Returns: true if all systems initialize correctly; false if a system fails (error logged)

Note: On failure, automatically calls shutdown(); Must be called before run()

Definition at line 22 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _eventBus, _initialized, _inputBuffer, _rendering, handleNetworkMessage(), handleUIEvent(), LOG_INFO, and EventBus::subscribe().

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◆ processInput()

void GameLoop::processInput ( )

private

Process player inputs.

Reads keyboard/mouse events and publishes them on EventBus.

Definition at line 362 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _clientSidePredictionEnabled, _entityInitialized, _fixedTimestep, _gameSpeedMultiplier, _inputHistory, _inputSequenceId, _isMoving, _myEntityId, _playerSpeed, _rendering, _replicator, RType::Messages::C2S::PlayerInput::InputSnapshot::actions, Input::BindingToGamepadButton(), NetworkMessages::C2S_PLAYER_INPUT, NetworkMessages::createMessage(), Input::KeyBindings::getInstance(), INPUT_HISTORY_SIZE, Input::IsGamepadBinding(), Replicator::isSpectator(), Input::MOVE_DOWN, Input::MOVE_LEFT, Input::MOVE_RIGHT, Input::MOVE_UP, RType::Messages::Shared::MoveDown, RType::Messages::Shared::MoveLeft, RType::Messages::Shared::MoveRight, RType::Messages::Shared::MoveUp, Replicator::sendPacket(), RType::Messages::C2S::PlayerInput::InputSnapshot::sequenceId, RType::Messages::C2S::PlayerInput::serialize(), Input::SHOOT, and RType::Messages::Shared::Shoot.

Referenced by run().

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◆ processServerReconciliation()

void GameLoop::processServerReconciliation ( const RType::Messages::S2C::EntityState & entity )

private

Definition at line 723 of file GameLoop.cpp.

Referenced by handleGameState().

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◆ render()

void GameLoop::render ( )

private

Perform rendering of current frame.

Delegates to Rendering system.

Definition at line 347 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _rendering, shutdown(), and stop().

Referenced by run().

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◆ run()

void GameLoop::run ( )

Start the main game loop.

Launches the game loop that runs until:

Window closed by user
stop() called
Critical error

Loop structure:

while (running) {
    float deltaTime = calculateDeltaTime();
    accumulator += deltaTime;
    
    processInput();
    
    // Fixed timestep for physics
    while (accumulator >= fixedTimestep) {
        fixedUpdate(fixedTimestep);
        accumulator -= fixedTimestep;
        currentFrame++;
    }
    
    update(deltaTime);
    render();
}

Note: Blocking until game stops; Uses fixed timestep for simulation

Definition at line 161 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _accumulator, _currentFrame, _fixedTimestep, _initialized, _myEntityId, _myPlayerId, _rendering, _replicator, _running, calculateDeltaTime(), fixedUpdate(), Replicator::getMyPlayerId(), LOG_ERROR, LOG_INFO, LOG_WARNING, processInput(), Replicator::processMessages(), render(), Replicator::sendChatMessage(), and update().

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◆ setReconciliationThreshold()

void GameLoop::setReconciliationThreshold ( float threshold )

Set the reconciliation threshold for client-side prediction.

Parameters

threshold Distance in pixels before server correction is applied

Adjusts how tolerant the client-side prediction is before reconciling with the server's authoritative position. This should be tuned based on observed network conditions:

Low latency (<50ms): 3.0f - 5.0f pixels (tight sync, minimal drift)
Medium latency (50-150ms): 5.0f - 10.0f pixels (default, balanced)
High latency (>150ms): 10.0f - 20.0f pixels (loose sync, smoother visuals)

Call this method when you detect network latency changes or based on user preferences/settings.

Note: Default is 5.0f pixels (suitable for medium latency); Delegates to Rendering -> EntityRenderer

Definition at line 284 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _rendering, and LOG_INFO.

◆ shutdown()

void GameLoop::shutdown ( )

Stop and clean up all subsystems.

Stops in reverse initialization order:

Rendering
Replicator (clean disconnection)
InputBuffer
EventBus

Note: Called automatically by destructor; Idempotent (can be called multiple times)

Definition at line 258 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _initialized, _inputBuffer, _rendering, _running, and LOG_INFO.

Referenced by render(), and ~GameLoop().

◆ simulateInputHistory()

void GameLoop::simulateInputHistory	(	float &	x,
		float &	y
	)

private

Definition at line 742 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _gameSpeedMultiplier, _inputHistory, _playerSpeed, RType::Messages::Shared::MoveDown, RType::Messages::Shared::MoveLeft, RType::Messages::Shared::MoveRight, and RType::Messages::Shared::MoveUp.

Referenced by processServerReconciliation().

◆ stop()

void GameLoop::stop ( )

Stop the game loop.

Requests game loop to stop at next iteration. Game will terminate cleanly after current frame.

Note: Non-blocking; Loop terminates after render() of current frame

Definition at line 279 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _running, and LOG_INFO.

Referenced by handleUIEvent(), and render().

◆ update()

void GameLoop::update ( float deltaTime )

private

Update game logic (variable timestep)

Called once per frame for non-critical logic.

Parameters

deltaTime Time elapsed since last call (in seconds)

Definition at line 298 of file GameLoop.cpp.

References _playerSpeed, _rendering, _replicator, and Replicator::getLatency().

Referenced by run().

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Member Data Documentation

◆ _accumulator

float GameLoop::_accumulator = 0.0f

private

Definition at line 256 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by run().

◆ _clientSidePredictionEnabled

bool GameLoop::_clientSidePredictionEnabled = true

private

Definition at line 275 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleGameState(), and processInput().

◆ _currentFrame

uint32_t GameLoop::_currentFrame = 0

private

Definition at line 257 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by run().

◆ _entityInitialized

bool GameLoop::_entityInitialized = false

private

Definition at line 269 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleEntityDestroyed(), handleGameStart(), and processInput().

◆ _eventBus

EventBus* GameLoop::_eventBus

private

Definition at line 247 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleLeftRoom(), and initialize().

◆ _fixedTimestep

float GameLoop::_fixedTimestep = 1.0f / 60.0f

private

Definition at line 255 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by processInput(), and run().

◆ _gameSpeedMultiplier

float GameLoop::_gameSpeedMultiplier = 1.0f

private

Definition at line 276 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleGameruleUpdate(), processInput(), and simulateInputHistory().

◆ _initialized

bool GameLoop::_initialized = false

private

Definition at line 253 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by initialize(), run(), and shutdown().

◆ _inputBuffer

std::unique_ptr<InputBuffer> GameLoop::_inputBuffer

private

Definition at line 248 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by initialize(), and shutdown().

◆ _inputHistory

std::deque<RType::Messages::C2S::PlayerInput::InputSnapshot> GameLoop::_inputHistory

private

Definition at line 264 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by processInput(), processServerReconciliation(), and simulateInputHistory().

◆ _inputSequenceId

uint32_t GameLoop::_inputSequenceId = 0

private

Definition at line 260 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by processInput().

◆ _isMoving

bool GameLoop::_isMoving = false

private

Definition at line 273 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by processInput().

◆ _justCreatedRoom

bool GameLoop::_justCreatedRoom

private

Initial value:

=

false

Definition at line 270 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleUIEvent().

◆ _knownEntityIds

std::unordered_set<uint32_t> GameLoop::_knownEntityIds

private

Definition at line 279 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleGameState().

◆ _myEntityId

std::optional<uint32_t> GameLoop::_myEntityId

private

Definition at line 267 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleEntityDestroyed(), handleGameStart(), handleGameState(), processInput(), and run().

◆ _myPlayerId

uint32_t GameLoop::_myPlayerId = 0

private

Definition at line 268 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleLeftRoom(), handleRoomState(), and run().

◆ _playerName

std::string GameLoop::_playerName

private

Definition at line 272 of file GameLoop.hpp.

◆ _playerSpeed

float GameLoop::_playerSpeed = 300.0f

private

Definition at line 274 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleGameruleUpdate(), processInput(), simulateInputHistory(), and update().

◆ _rendering

std::unique_ptr<Rendering> GameLoop::_rendering

private

Definition at line 250 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by getReconciliationThreshold(), handleChatMessage(), handleEntityDestroyed(), handleGameOver(), handleGameStart(), handleGameState(), handleLeftRoom(), handleRoomList(), handleRoomState(), initialize(), processInput(), processServerReconciliation(), render(), run(), setReconciliationThreshold(), shutdown(), and update().

◆ _replicator

Replicator* GameLoop::_replicator

private

Definition at line 249 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by handleUIEvent(), processInput(), run(), and update().

◆ _running

bool GameLoop::_running = false

private

Definition at line 252 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by run(), shutdown(), and stop().

◆ INPUT_HISTORY_SIZE

constexpr size_t GameLoop::INPUT_HISTORY_SIZE = 12

staticconstexprprivate

Definition at line 263 of file GameLoop.hpp.

Referenced by processInput().

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

client/Core/GameLoop/GameLoop.hpp
client/Core/GameLoop/GameLoop.cpp

Public Member Functions

Private Member Functions

Private Attributes

Static Private Attributes

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ GameLoop()

◆ ~GameLoop()

Member Function Documentation

◆ calculateDeltaTime()

◆ fixedUpdate()

◆ getReconciliationThreshold()

◆ handleChatMessage()

◆ handleEntityDestroyed()

◆ handleGameOver()

◆ handleGameruleUpdate()

◆ handleGameStart()

◆ handleGameState()

◆ handleLeftRoom()

◆ handleNetworkMessage()

◆ handleRoomList()

◆ handleRoomState()

◆ handleUIEvent()

◆ initialize()

◆ processInput()

◆ processServerReconciliation()

◆ render()

◆ run()

◆ setReconciliationThreshold()

◆ shutdown()

◆ simulateInputHistory()

◆ stop()

◆ update()

Member Data Documentation

◆ _accumulator

◆ _clientSidePredictionEnabled

◆ _currentFrame

◆ _entityInitialized

◆ _eventBus

◆ _fixedTimestep

◆ _gameSpeedMultiplier

◆ _initialized

◆ _inputBuffer

◆ _inputHistory

◆ _inputSequenceId

◆ _isMoving

◆ _justCreatedRoom

◆ _knownEntityIds

◆ _myEntityId

◆ _myPlayerId

◆ _playerName

◆ _playerSpeed

◆ _rendering

◆ _replicator

◆ _running

◆ INPUT_HISTORY_SIZE